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COOLING OILS
Recently because of fast development of compressors, development of the facilitated small compressors and applications of new kinds of a coolant raise requirements to a role of cooling oil even more strongly. The role of cooling oil is important as a part of a way for maintenance of long safety of a central air and stability(resistance) to to high and low temperature. If to look a role of cooling liquid in system, The target valve: In the compressor the site of the target valve is the most high-temperature place. On this site carbon is formed and it is impossible to admit(allow) his(its) stratifications. The condenser: The greatest quantity(amount) of oil which are included in system of a coolant, together with a liquid coolant should support a condition to not interfere with heat exchange or current from hardening on walls of the condenser. The pipeline of equal pressure and the valve, oil should not contain the firm substances preventing expansion and also to create similar substances. The evaporator: During cooling cycle of oil in the evaporator, being most a part, should not create deposits. Besides oil should not contain a moisture and harden. At occurrence of the similar phenomena, they interrupt current of a coolant and reduce efficiency of cooling.
FEATURES of COOLING OIL
Specificity: Cooling oil should have specific features which have no specific features which have no usual greasing oils. Though usual greasing oil basically should meet only to requirements under greasing characteristic, and cooling oil should be such that at mixing with a coolant and low temperature to not harden, at high to not be oxidized, to not enter chemical reaction with a coolant to not cause failure, entering in reaction with a material used in the equipment. Chemical stability: As one of ways of an estimation of stability of cooling oil, in the hermetically sealed tube. This way of test will be carried out(spent) in a heat resisting glass test tube, having placed in him(it) coolant really used in the compressor (R - 12), metal (Fe, u, l) and oil. At test for the hermetically sealed tube use oil of 0,5 ml, coolant R - 12 0,5 ml. Having put as the catalyst and iron, heat up from temperature 175 With within 14 days, measure quantity(amount) R - 12, spread out of R - 12.
FULL CONDITIONS of REQUIREMENTS To COOLING OIL
Should have durability and good property. To not contain an impurity such as a moisture and various acids. To have good with water and the appropriate viscosity. To have good from a coolant and to not enter chemical reaction. To contain small quantity(amount) of elements of crystallization and to have stability concerning acids. In this test the less spread out quantity(amount), the better stability of cooling oil. Also it is necessary to observe and look a condition of sticking at surfaces of iron sheets, corrosion of copper wires, color of a mix. Here it is necessary to pay attention that test should be considered(examined) as a way of a choice of one good. For correct decision making about conformity of cooling oil the results of test received on the real compressor are important. property: Cooling oil with a coolant at low temperature. Not only that the joint coexistence with a coolant is desirable at low temperature and necessary, that did not decompose wax on adjournment. Cooling oil even at low temperature does not harden, i.e. has low temperature of fluidity and it is simultaneously difficult deposits, and the decomposition, the is less. Greasing property: At excessive refinement of cooling oil sharply decreases aromatic components. Though among aromatic components of substance with bad chemical stability, but if aromatic components pure(clean) there is an active influence of these components stability to oxidation and limiting pressure. Therefore there is a necessity of application of a manual way of refinement for preservation of the specified effective elements. Thus, it is necessary to choose oil with good greasing property that even at application in the real machine there was no fusion. the SPECIAL PHENOMENA And THEIR DISPLAYS Foaming. In cooling installations at start of the compressor pressure in sharply falls also a coolant, in oil, sharply starts to evaporate, the surface of oil starts to rage and there is a foam. If this phenomenon will proceed long time because of infringement of greasing of rubed parts, can jam the compressor and burn down. At penetration from soaking up party(side) of the compressor or various other ways of a plenty of oil to the cylinder because of compression of incompressible oil there is a danger of damage of a plate of a saddle of the valve. Besides there is an insufficiency of oil in as a plenty of oil will proceed(pass) in various parts of installation. Insufficiency of oil becomes the reason of jamming of the compressor. The phenomenon of a copper covering. There is a phenomenon when in the cooling installations using a coolant of system, having dissolved in oil, together with a coolant circulates in installation, then again settles on a surface of metal and covers it(him), thus: - The active part of a backlash decreases, the compressor gets jammed and becomes disabled. - In installation or the temperature is a lot of moisture, or the above, the more easy the moisture appears in the cylinder and on a plate of the valve. - Than contains molecules of hydrogen R-22 in comparison with R-12 and R-30 in comparison with R-22, and the more elements the MOVE more, the this phenomenon is stronger. COMPONENTS of the central AIR 1 - the EVAPORATOR; 2 - the COMPRESSOR; 3 - the RECEIVER; 4 - the CONDENSER the COMPRESSOR (fig. 1) The compressor rotates from transfer the compressor of the rotating moment a pulley of a cranked shaft through a belt. If on magnetic the pressure(voltage) rotates only itself the compressor does not move and the shaft of the compressor does not rotate. At submission of a pressure(voltage) on magnetic the disk and the cartridge move back and incorporate to a pulley. The pulley and a disk under action of forces become uniform and result in rotation a shaft of the compressor. The compressor, depending on his(its) rotating shaft transforms a gaseous condition of a coolant of the low pressure going from the evaporator, into gas high and a high pressure. The oil moving together with , plays a role of greasing. The piston at rotation of a shaft of the compressor is actuated by the clown, depending on pressure lets out the appropriate quantity(amount) of gas change of a course of the piston and a corner of turn and a moving disk. the CONDENSER (fig. 2) it is established before a radiator and carries out function of transformation of the gaseous high-temperature coolant going from the compressor in a liquid condition by allocation of heat in an atmosphere. The quantity(amount) selected heat in the condenser is defined(determined) by quantity(amount) of heat absorbed by the evaporator from outside of and the work of the compressor necessary for compression of gas. For the condenser the result directly influences effect of cooling refrigerating , therefore, usually it(he) is established on the most forward part of the automobile and compulsorily cooled by air of the fan of system of cooling of the engine and the stream of air arising at movement of the automobile. the EVAPORATOR (fig. 3) The coolant, past through , becoming(beginning) with low pressure, at passage to a misty condition through a branch pipe of the evaporator, under action of a stream of air from the fan, evaporating turns to gas. Thus edges of a branch pipe become cold from heat of steam formation, and air inside the automobile becomes cool. Besides the moisture contained in air, from cooling turns to water and together with a dust on the trigger pipeline is thrown out from the automobile. As at such heat exchange between a coolant and air the pipeline and edges is used, it is necessary, that on a contact surface with air water and a dust did not settle. Formation(education) of ice and hoarfrost on the evaporator occurs as well on parts of edges. At achievement of warm air up to edges, being cooled below temperatures of dew, on edges appear water drops. Thus in case of cooling edges up to temperature is lower 0 With, the arisen water drops or freeze, or water pairs air settle as hoarfrost, appreciablly worsening characteristics of system of cooling. Therefore for prevention of freezing of the evaporator management of a temperature regulator or the compressor with a variable pressure is provided. RECEIVER (fig. 4) The receiver is established between a line of release of the evaporator and the compressor. Receiving from the evaporator the mixed coolant of low pressure in a liquid and gaseous condition and oil, a gaseous coolant is sent directly to the compressor, and the liquid coolant gets in the compressor after evaporation from heating by environmental heat. And oil comes back to the compressor through an aperture. In the bottom part of the accumulator is sealed which performs work on removal(distance) of a moisture and impurity in system.
