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1981 persons, including 387 killed and 1582 . Northerners even have managed to finish in turmoil of deviation with themselves up to Washington 12 captured which in initial, successful for armies of the Union, a phase of battle was much more, but almost all of them have thrown at deviation together with instruments, transports and even - all rescueed own lifes. On assurance of Johnston, have grasped at the -wound about 5 thousand rifles, 500 thousand cartridges, 28 instruments and so forth (1)
Fight at .
While around the -wound and other events in Virginia stormed passions, in the West without noise and advertising started to ascend main "star" of civil war - general Uliss the Grant.
Fight November, 7 at was not included in number of the main battles of civil war, but for understanding of psychology of soldiers - northerners and becoming of the Grant as the commander it(he) has the extremely important value. The grant has shown in it(him) unexpected for the person having experience of only Mexican campaign of 15-years prescription endurance(quotation), resource and heroism. Have not bad proved to be in the beginning of fight and his(its) army. Average psychology of the soldier - northerner in the beginning of war: in its(her) first weeks - the superficial, "facilitated" attitude(relation) to events, naive belief in an indispensable victory of the North. Then - severe sobering up in fights at the -wound, at and rock Bolls, and a trace - the general(common) despondency, uncertainty in the future. And suddenly - success at : soldiers for the first time see, how praised rebels run from them! The despondency is instantly replaced by former arrogance, carelessness, neglect to the plunged opponent. And already winners sit on the ground directly in camp , now it is their camp, they celebrate a victory, and beside have bunched a little pity , taken in a captivity. But nobody protects them - where with him(it) to disappear! - and on a lawn someone, swinging from ecstasy a victory hands, already says boastful speeches, from the become empty tents of rebels drag out everything, that comes across under a hand: there and meal it is a lot of, and an excellent(a different) paper for letters, and flasks with whisky. (1) Having seen, that soldiers have stopped approach and have started to plunder camp of the opponent, the Grant has rushed there and immediately has ordered to set fire to tents to stop a victorious feast and to force to pursue the soldier the opponent. But at this time, from the Columbus located nearby, the artillery of rebels has struck. Simultaneously escaped not too far , put the parts in the order, attacked just the camp thrown by them. Reinforcements urgently sent by him(it) to the aid from Columbus have supported attack. Northerners have cut off from the river and restricted to a wood there to surround and interrupt. But the Grant with the help of officers has managed to put things in order among armies running into a panic and has thrown them in counterattack. Soon northerners managed to break through a ring of the opponent and to leave to Mississipi, whence a little instruments from their expecting courts somehow tried to support the soldier of the Grant fire. The Grant receded among the last, under it(him) have killed the horse, and rebels hardly have not seized it(him). But all has costed, and already to evening of court have come back in . Northerners have lost in fight at 607 person, rebels - 642. ( 1 ) White - in total
1. .. On fields of battles of civil war in USA. M.. 1988 with 46-47
Capture the general the Grant of forts of the Henry and . In December, 1861. The grant asked at to attack Missurijskim district Helleka of the sanction positions of rebels in Tennessee and Cumberland, but refused. Only with the help Ft, the commander a squadron of northerners in headwaters of Mississipi, the Grant managed "to prevail upon" . Together with Ft the Grant intended to attack two powerful forts - the Henry (on the river of Tennessee) and (on the river Cumberland). These forts were original "sheaf" between the named rivers running into Mississipi on close distance from each other, and served as a strong barrier against penetration of northerners into the central part of staff(state) of Tennessee. (1) Employment(occupation) of them would be serious impact on position of rebels on the western front as a whole. February, 2, 1862, having shipped on court strong forwarding group number in 17 thousand person, the Grant was directed to a fort of the Henry in support of seven gunboats of Ft. (1) Having landed miles in eight is higher than a fort, northerners were set to it(him) and is unexpected for themselves have found out on a way one more - fort . Located on a high coast, it(he) completely supervised approaches to the Henry. Despite of difficulty of promotion (the district around was boggy, and in dry places the way was blocked with set of the tumbled down trees), northerners at support of instruments of gunboats powerfully attacked both forts and after short fight have borrowed(occupied) them. But the commandant of a fort henr L. Tilgmen has managed to organize a withdrawal(waste) of the basic forces (the exact number of rebels in garrison of a fort is not known, inconsistent figures refer to, most real of which represents 2,5 thousand person) in next fort and only after that has surrendered to the Grant in chapter 80 of gunners and 16 patients floating barges - hospitals. At firing 11 rebels were killed, and among the soldier of the Grant of losses at all was not. To tell the truth, during storm the shell of rebels has got directly in the steam boiler of a gunboat "Essex" which has on the spot blown up, thus 11 sailors were lost, 5 more have sunk and 31 were wounded. (1) In hands of northerners the arsenal with instruments and an ammunition, and also serf instruments of a fort has got. February, 6, when the fort of the Henry was taken, in a sense became critical date and for destinies of the western front which before was considered minor, auxiliary, and for destiny of the Grant, becoming(beginning) the first mark in a history of his(its) numerous victories. American historian Dzh. wrote: Influence of a capture of a fort of the Henry on the population of all country - both the North, and the South - were amazing. It has come to pass so suddenly and so unexpectedly, that the spirit of northerners has risen over all limits, , accordingly in depression . But the Grant counted the first victory modest as the basic forces of the opponent have managed to escape him(it). It(he) urgently has firmly decided to attack fort and to grasp it(him). February, 14, having reached at last up to , parts of the Grant have begun storm at support all the same gunboats of Ft. Rebels (together with come running from a fort of the Henry of them was more than 20 thousand person) were protected desperately, and in the morning February, 15 even have lead(carried out) a powerful sortie for walls of a fort. Having crumpled division . and having grasped thus up to 300 captured and some instruments, continued an impact. (1) Having immediately thrown to a place of fight, the Grant has ordered L.Uollesa's to division "to stop up" break, and somehow it managed to be made. Subordinates persuaded the Grant to allocate(remove) armies and to consider a situation . But here the general, having noticed two just the captured rebels with weighty load behind a back, has ordered to look, that at them there. Bags as it was found out, were filled crackers and pieces of bacon. The grant has understood, that in desperate attempt to be rescued wanted to escape from a fort and to run - therefore to soldiers and have distributed
1. .. On fields of battles of civil war in USA. M. 1988. With 51
Diets for a long march. From this followed, that the opponent it is necessary "", not giving it(him) of a respite. The grant has thrown to the aid and gradually coming to the senses also division . Smith. (1) The general(common) efforts northerners not only blocked all attempts of rebels to escape from a fort, but also have tired out(driven) them back, for fortifications. To darkness battle has ceased. The frightened commanders of garrison have gathered on a military council. Formally in the chapter of defense there was general Dzh. (it it(he) was Minister of Defence in administration Dzh. Buchanan till December, 29, 1860 when has run away on the South, preliminary having had time to forward there set of rifles, cartridges and even instruments) which, not without the bases being afraid, that northerners execute it(him) for change, even has got away from a fort, having entrusted command to general G.Pillou in the afternoon. And that too would not like to fall into in hands of northerners so also it(he) has followed for to which, by the way, managed "to take" with itself up to 3 thousand perfect armies. In a result in the chapter of garrison there was general Si-mon Bolivar with which, the Grant once studied in -. And then was at war in Mexico. (1) The grant to which for the first time had to accept delivery of so large army, has addressed for advice(council) to 55-years general . To Smith, and that has shortly told: the damned rebels have not deserved Any conditions (1) After that the Grant has written message soon becoming well-known and more than once then used by well-known and generals of the North as a sample in similar situations. It can not be accepted any conditions, - it(he) wrote, - except for unconditional and immediate capitulation. I urgently am going to attack your strengthenings Depressed with such "ingratitude" of nothing remained how to answer, that circumstances force it(him) to accept those ignoble not knightly conditions which you have offered . So the term "unconditional surrender" which was revived within the second world(global) soldiers was born. Military correspondent north C. Koffin wrote in one of reportings, that "authorship" should be given to the Ft which has used this term exactly for 10 days earlier, accepting capitulation , the commandant of a fort of the Henry. But the majority of researchers ignore this certificate which anybody, except for itself , has not confirmed. This very day, February, 16, ceremony of delivery of garrison Donelsona was held. Northerners have fixed 14623 captured. The figure was on those times unprecedented; taking into account, that is equal 10 months before, to the beginning of war, number of all federal army made 16367 person! (1) It is difficult to transfer, that was created in the North those days. Newspapers left with huge headings such as the Enemy recedes! , Brilliant result! , the Full victory! , happy boys - sellers on streets of New York, Philadelphia, Chicago, Washington, Boston, in eager rivalry crying out these headings, people in streets sang, danced, everywhere there were spontaneous meetings and processions... And the South has plunged into mourning: one minute prior to reception of the message on delivery almost with all garrison to anybody and in a head could not come, that such it is possible. Those days the Grant became an idol of the North and a thunder-storm of the South. In March, 1862 have renewed and gradually on the foreground military actions in Virginia again have left.
