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The president did not wish to solve this problem mechanical talent to negros after a cancellation of slavery of rights of white citizens, switching and the suffrage. It would be at that time maintained by only insignificant part of the American population and go against opinion of people the president could not. But the very first step - a cancellation of slavery - became an absolute must, and for him(it) acted more and more than white Americans. July, 22, 1862 at the next session of the cabinet Lincoln has announced the project of the Declaration made by him(it) about a cancellation of slavery in all staffs(states) entering into mutionus Confederation, excepting Tennessee, almost which all territory by then was borrowed(occupied) with armies of the Union, and those districts of Louisiana and Virginia where also domination of Confederation was already liquidated. Simultaneously Lincoln assumed with 1 to resolve a set of free negros in army and fleet of USA 1863 (this day the Declaration should come into force). Thus Lincoln with unusual hardness for him(it) has declared, that the decision of it(him) is final, and it(he) only asks to advise ministers when to promulgate this Declaration. Opinions were divided(shared), someone in general expressed doubt in necessity of such step: you see boundary staffs(states) as also the president more than once spoke, obviously would meet the Declaration negatively. Lincoln has found useful offer : to not publish the Declaration now, in conditions of military instability of the Union, and to wait any military success as the state secretary was expressed, even average size . In it was a reason: the publication of the Declaration after failures on Peninsula could be perceived(recognized) by the opponent as display of weakness, last attempt somehow to save the situation. Transition to to war in a revolutionary way , anyway, in political area, was already designated. Besides the Declaration on clearing of slaves, it(he) was marked also by other important step in internal policy. The law about ( May, 20, 1862 was accepted. . The ground areas), on which any citizen of USA - not more youngly 21 years could receive since January, 1 in possession a site of the ground in the size in 160 acres (approximately 65 ), having paid for a symbolical admission fee of-10 dollars (1) Formally was required to be processed it within five years the received site, and only after that it(he) passed in the full property of the owner. Actually sites at once got in full using owners. The law had also the collateral party(side): bourgeoisie of the North, and also various rascals dexterously exploited it(him), in particular by buying up of sites through figureheads and the further gamble by them. But about it did not change bourgeois-democratic essence of the law: It(he) was a victory progressive the then ways of development of capitalism to an agriculture.
After these measures (and a number(line) of less significant) in political area it was necessary to carry out transition to to war in a revolutionary way and on fields of battles, . . Messages all military policy(politics) more vigorously, professionally, efficiently. Worthlessly carried out(spent) , campaign on Peninsula has brought attention to the question on the agenda question about his(its) elimination from a post of the commander the largest army of the country - . Lincoln has issued the order on creation of new army led by general John Popom. This army which has received name was supposed, that, will take up functions on protection of Washington and adjoining areas for the period of presence(finding) of army (is more exact, the majority of its(her) parts) on Peninsula.
1. .. On fields of battles of civil war in USA. M. 1988. With 66
army have made from Jackson in the Valley of parts , (but any more under his(its) command) and , and together with in it(her) updatings she(it) totaled 47 thousand from a part skilled, partly nothing the soldier. Approximately then the question and with ordering the general(common) command by armed forces was solved. Having discharged in March from functions of the commander-in-chief, Lincoln itself carried out them within exactly four months. The president perfectly understood, that has no bases to hold such post: it(he) was the skilled politician, but not the professional militarian, and his(its) desperate efforts hastily to seize elements of strategy and tactics could not compensate it. At the same time the president saw, that in the country there are no generals, worthy to hold this post. Steadfastly observing for actions of military leaders of the North, Lincoln hoped to choose among them the successor on excessive for itself to a post of the commander-in-chief. Successful operations of armies of the Union on the western front, crowned a capture April, 25 joint efforts of army and fleet of the largest city of Confederation of New Orleans, have prompted the president what to conduct especially close(attentive) searches follows in the West. Lincoln already then "looked narrowly" at the general to the Grant, at once having noted his(its) resoluteness, thinking, absence of fear of the opponent peculiar, perhaps, to all other generals of the North. But the post borrowed(occupied) with the Grant, was then is not so high - the assistant to commander Missurijskim district. The first result of the Declaration on clearing of slaves has not kept itself long waiting: in November the republican party(set) has lost intermediate elections to the congress which the next two years completely appeared in hands of democrats, all is louder demanded to stop fratricidal war and to recognize independence of Confederation. At the same time democrats nevertheless avoided open protection of slavery, taking about the same position on what there was also a Lincoln to the moment of the beginning of war - to not suppose distribution of slavery but also to not encroach on the sacred property right. The aggravation of internal political struggle demanded from administration of Lincoln of even more skilful and active management(manual) of conducting war. Warning from carelessness, Lincoln spoke those days: we are now similar , conducting difficult I shall drive. We, at last, have stuck a harpoon into a monster, but now should watch(keep up) the rate, differently at one stroke a tail it will send us to forefathers (1)
The first day of new 1863 was marked coming into force of the Declaration on clearing of negros - slaves in mutionus staffs(states). Though its(her) text was promulgated 22 more September, rebels and their supporters in the North all the same hoped, that the administration of Lincoln will not be solved on this step. In the south believed also, that severe route of northerners at "will make sober" Lincoln and his(its) party(set), will compel them to search for conciliatory proposals of the conflict. But these hopes were not justified, already nothing could shake the President, and the Declaration since January, 1 has taken effect.
And supporting confidence of Lincoln of the correctness, in the same first days 1863 from the far West messages about new successes of northerners began to come. After April, 25, 1862 the army and fleet of the Union took New Orleans, current of Mississipi appeared as though "corked" for rebels. Her(it) from the beginning of war were in hands of the Union, and after victories of the Grant at the Henry, and rebels were driven away further away. (1) With a capture of New Orleans they have lost also a mouth of Mississipi, and now kept the control only above its(her) average current with the main support in - carefully and in the strategic plan ideally located city.
1. .. On fields of battles of civil war in USA. M. 1988. With 80
