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Day of independence of USA, July, 4, was marked not only success at Gettysburg, but also a victory gained far in the West where, the main problem(task) by way of the North for 1863 capture was. First such attempts were undertaken and the previous year. The infamous democrat - politician from Illinois John Makklernand becoming in the beginning of war by the general, has managed by dexterous political intrigues to achieve that October, 21, 1862 with the consent of Lincoln has appointed his(its) commander of all armies who were supposed to be used for capture . As were expected friction and protests, order was confidential.
The order on purpose(assignment) some time was a secret not only for the Grant, but also for commander-in-chief Helleka! When already at the end of October to Memphis recruits began to arrive hired , the Grant has bewildered requested Washington, that for armies appear in his(its) district and to whom they submit. November, 11 , still nothing knowing, has informed the Grant: you are imperous to oder about all armies directed to your district, and have the right to attack the enemy where it will be necessary for you .91) And soon the Grant began approach from area Korinta, meaning further to attack where armies of rebels general Dzh already hastily concentrated. , transforming city in a powerful fortress.
1. .. On fields of battles of civil war in USA. M. 1988. With 94
December, 18 to the Grant the order sent to break the army on four cases, and one of them to give . By then the Grant has already charged parts in interaction with fleet to attack . However , having placed on strategically important rocks Chikasou a 14-thousand army and powerful artillery, in fierce fights December, 27-29 has managed to beat off all attacks which parts have lost thus 1776 person (including 208 killed); losses were much less - accordingly 207 63. - has receded to Memphis where has learned(found out), that his(its) parts are included in new case Makklernanda. (1)
Failure at rock Chikasou has not confused the Grant. It(he) actively started to prepare for the plan of new operation and has soon come to a conclusion, that it is necessary to attack not from the north as has made , and from the south, . . To penetrate into rear of rebels and therefrom to come! But how there to get? Sad experience has shown what to break by powerful batteries Viksberga difficultly even to the reserved gunboats. And then the Grant has decided on the western coast of Mississipi, far from batteries Viksberga to promote considerably to the south of city, and then to be forwarded on east coast and to attack! But it could be made only in April, with an establishment of good weather: the high level of water in boggy sleeves of Mississipi on its(her) western party(side) excluded promotion there armies in the first months of year. The friend of Grant who is not understanding as the army will do without communications doubted of success of this risky operation even, But the Grant has answered it(him): Any communications. We shall supply ourselves on district ", . . By requisitions at the population ". (1)
Having waited good weather, the Grant (in an interval it(he) has lead(carried out) a number(line) of auxiliary operations) in the beginning of April has set army on the western coast of the river on the south. After a tiresome campaign the army April, 30 has left in the planned item(point) and started a ferry from Mississipi! Easily having beaten off resistance of small garrisons on east coast, northerners were set on . was then in capital of Mississipi - Jackson. Having learned(found out) about approach of the Grant, it(he) has rushed in which garrison was made at that time by 35 thousand person. The commander forces of Confederation in West . Johnston which is taking place in - at army of B.Bregga, has sent the order: is urgent to pull together in a shock fist all parts available in area to meet the Grant and to break it(him)! And May, 9 and Johnston has received the order of military minister of Confederation Dzh on telegraph. : immediately to go to a place of events. Having learned(found out), that pull together to armies, the Grant has decided to not give them to incorporate. Having shipped an ammunition and the foodstuffs in hastily generated transport from 120 carts seized at rebels, vans and even the carriages confiscated from planters, the Grant May, 7 wide front has set armies forward. At this stage of operation it(he) has applied all the same risky, but an effective, tactical step: has completely refused communications and came directly on rears of the opponent, through them, supplying army on district . In press accusations of the Grant of marauding, disgraceful methods of conducting war and so forth have appeared But the step this was dictated by ruthless logic of war which was begun not by northerners. The "Missed" army of the Grant under order searched for travels, but unsuccessfully. Only when in the morning cable communication(connection) with May, 14 has interrupted, has guessed, that has taken place. Well, and the Grant just to this time after short fight about almost immediately run rebels has borrowed(occupied) Jackson then has hastened to . Towards to it(him) from hurried up "to rescue" Jackson a 22-thousand army led by . But there was the Grant it(he) at railway station Edward, at bottom of a high hill the Champion and on his(its) slopes.
1. .. On fields of battles of civil war in USA. M. 1988. With 96
May, 16, having found out approach(approximation) of parts of the Grant, has ordered to borrow(occupy) defense on a hill the Champion and around of him(it), and at the top instruments were established. In persistent I fight northerners have reset(dumped) rebels from a hill, but the basic forces of the opponent managed to be rescued by flight: the Grant has charged case Makklernanda to block ways of a withdrawal(waste). However hardly rebels have rushed to run with the Champion, soldiers Makklernaida as if on command... Have parted, and the grey stream has flashed by them. If not cowardice of fighters Makklernanda and of their commander, troops it would be crushed in it to fight, and would remain without protection. Other parts of northerners have rushed to catch up with fugitives; to them, having come in themselves from a fright, parts have joined also. But rebels had already time to reach up to -- and to be forwarded through it(her). Small group parts , had time to overtake road at . Rebels were threw to run on the south, having abandoned instruments, transports, even rifles. After some weeks to Mobile any thin ragamuffins are there were rests of a division of U.Loringa, a miracle reached here, to coast of gulf of Mexico, from where they have thrown 1,7 thousand comrades who have been taken prisoner, and 18 instruments. And all in battle at a hill the Champion rebels have lost 3851 persons, northerners - 2441. ( 1 ) May, 17 the army of the Grant started a ferry through -- from which up to was a hand to submit. Next day, May, 18, northerners, having come nearer to and having started(begun) his(its) bombardment, have started to cities. The unprecedented march of the Grant on rears of rebels during which northerners have passed in total more than 200 miles also was simultaneously finished, have won five battles and set of fine skirmishes, having lost thus hardly 2 thousand person is more. And for 17 days of this march have lost more than 10 thousand person and 88 instruments. General(common) storm May, 19 began, but rebels have managed to beat off his(its) powerful artillery fire. The same has taken place and at repeated storm, 22-nd. Two attempts to take storm have costed for the North in 3,2 thousand person killed and . (1) Those days yet all parts of the Grant were tightened, to ; in the beginning them was no more than 34 thousand person. But already to the first of June city besieged 54 thousand. defended about 30 thousand rebels. After under the order of the Grant of part have beaten off coming nearer to the 30-thousand army which has been hammered together by Johnston, it became clear, that the city is doomed. obsidional life, constant bombardments have cracked spirit of troops . By the end of June the army of northerners besieged already 70-. The grant has appointed deciding(solving) storm to July, 6. However 3 more July and his(its) staff, having recognized resistance senseless, have requested the Grant about an opportunity of an armistice in order to prevent the further bloodshed. The grant has answered with already habitual condition - unconditional surrender. In the morning July, 4 29511 soldier and officers led by have left because of strengthenings and have combined the weapon to legs of winners. The grant, certainly, did not plan it beforehand, but happened so, that this triumph, as well as a victory at Gettysburg, has coincided with Day of independence of USA. Hundred thousand yesterday's farmers and workers of the North battled and won, that the state which has been born of 87 years back, has not ceased to exist. Winter months during Civil soldiers, as a rule, differed quite explained calm: weather did not favour to marches and battles so soldiers gained strength for new fights and wrote letters home, and generals, having declined above cards(maps), drew plans of the future fights.
1. .. On fields of battles of civil war in USA. M. 1988. With 98
February, 29, 1864 under the initiative of Lincoln the congress has approved the project about assignment to the Grant of the maximum(supreme) military rank - the general - lieutenant, and March, 1 the president has signed this decree 9 of March, the Grant was invited to session of the cabinet where Lincoln has announced the decree about assignment to it(him) ranks of the general - lieutenant. And after session Lincoln in private(individual) conversation has informed the general, that one of these days it(he) becomes the commander-in-chief all armies of the Union. The president has signed the order on it March, 12. But before Lincoln met the Grant, and at presence and . On this major for destinies of war the new commander-in-chief has stated a meeting the strategic concept of the further conducting the coordinated large-scale operations. Lincoln has approved offers of the Grant. Marche to the sea. Among the last to one of the brightest on finishing year of war began march to the sea. In March, 1862 in English and in the Viennese newspaper Dee to Press was published K.Marksa's clause(article) and . Engels Civil war in America . (1) In this clause(article) it was specified, that for resolute crisis in war northerners should proceed(pass) to active actions and strike in the centre of Confederation which serves as a key to to territory. With loss of Georgia the Confederation would appear cut on two parts deprived of any mutual communication(connection) . Such plan also was offered by the Grant to general Shermanu, but, unfortunately, only in March, 1864, . . Two years after. As well as it was agreed, has acted in a campaign to Atlanta simultaneously with the Grant, May, 4, in the chapter more than 100-thousand army. submitted if to speak precisely, not one, and three armies - , and in which chapter there were skilled generals Dzh. , . and . -. And contender Shermana Joseph Dzhonston who has replaced general Bregga after route of rebels at Chattanooga was. In his(its) two cases (them headed . U.Hardi is thin also) was to the beginning of campaign, according to the Johnston, 41 856 person. (1)
Three armies Shermana uncontrollably moved forward, pushing aside the opponent to Atlanta. But Johnston, as a rule, preferred to depart itself, hoping in transient skirmishes to exsanguinate parts , compelled besides to leave in borrowed(occupied) cities small garrisons, and also parts for protection of communications. Army Shermana July, 8 has left to the river Chattahuchi, last natural boundary in front of Atlanta. Northerners in different places at once have begun a ferry on a southern coast, and already prepared for storm of city. The Atlanta which has arisen less than for 30 years prior to described events, has had time to become one of the largest cities of the country and the industrial centre of the agrarian South. In city there were weapon workshops, garment factories, regimentals for the soldier - , railway depot. Strategic value of city for Confederation was huge: with his(its) loss the western site of all system of defense of rebels inevitably would fail. Knowing it, Johnston most carefully strengthened approaches to Atlanta
Constant waste products of Johnston caused growing discontent of a military-political management(manual) of Confederation and its(her) population. The press of the North and the South called the general not differently, as receding . In night for August, 26 has withdrawn almost all armies to the west from Atlanta, having left in trenches only G.Slokama's case. Quickly to iron roads Atlantas - Montgomery, and then Atlanta - Savannah, northerners selflessly began to destroy them completely to block rebels in Atlanta. Even special "technology" was developed: the set the soldier was built along one of the parties(sides) of a cloth, on two at each cross tie.
