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About civil war in USA U.Z.Foster considers, that revolution was bourgeois-democratic revolution because the basic impact was directed on destruction of slavery and also because negro people, small farmers and working class have played a main role in maintenance of a victory in civil war. (2)
Value of Civil war left far for frameworks of time and national borders. At the first stage of war, in October, 1862, on it specified , writing, that events occuring in USA have the world value. From what the points of view to consider(examine) Civil war in America, she(it) represents a show, not having to herself equal annals of a military history .
In Civil war the country was resulted with a fatal dilemma: to be or to not be to slavery? Though in one European power there was nothing similar on slavery, historians frequently compare Civil war in USA to bourgeois-democratic revolutions. General(common) they had that roughly growing capitalism liquidated any institutes interfering to it(him) - absolute monarchy, political dissociation, vestiges of feudalism, and also slavery. The undeveloped capitalism could not exist without slavery, and having ripened, it(he) has destroyed it(him). The conflict of free business and slaveries can be considered(examined) and as the conflict of two patterns of ownership and opposite types of the organization of work by the capital: the slavery excludes wage labour, and on the contrary. Both applied for vital space (the free grounds) and on domination in the American political system. The main result of Civil war consist in a cancellation of slavery. Other components of the American economy - the industry, trade, a farmer agriculture - successfully developed and up to it(her), and in northeast of USA by 60-th years industrial revolution was finished. Civil war temporarily has lowered rates of economic growth, however, finally she(it) has prepared development of capitalism on much wider and free basis. The certificate(act) accepted in 1862 about became the most progressive in a world(global) history the decision of an agrarian question, and a management(manual) of the Republican party(set), being in power with 1861 on 1884, has lead(carried out) the whole series of actions in interests of businessmen. The south after Civil war lagged behind in development the North and the West of USA. The part of plantations has lost owners and has passed to new owners, the part was divided into fine sites and leased. On plantations basically negros still worked, but already as farm laborers or tenants (), giving to the owner a part of a crop (such form of land tenure has backward character and it is similar to "working off"
1. A.V.sketch of history . 1958. With 600-601.
2. U.Z.sketch of a political history of America., ?., 1953, 388-389
Former serfs of Russia on to the ground). Alongside with it(her) densities of a family farm in the south has considerably grown, and the ground was got also by natives of northern staffs(states). The cancellation of slavery has created deciding(solving) precondition for formation in the south of the market of a labour, but it(he) completely has not developed even within radical Reconstruction. The main obstacle to that became a racial discrimination - black Americans were accepted usually only for the heaviest and dirty works. Expression this work not for white had there literal sense. Even after a cancellation of slavery and the formal equation in rights (14-I and 15-I amendments to the Constitution) negro people as a whole has remained on position of " the lowest estate though the small part black became educated people, proprietors and even businessmen. Reconstruction could not solve all problems(tasks) in transformation of the South into the same region of USA, as earlier the free North and the West. For this purpose it would be required to select the ground at planters and to give her(it) negros and white poor men. Leaders of radical republicans were full of determination to go on it, but such measures would mean long years of shocks and bloodsheds for United States. Events have gone on an evolutionary way. The conclusion.
April, 12, 1861 civil war of the North and the South during which all major problems(tasks) which faced to the nation were solved began: integrity of the Union was restored, all completeness of the government has passed to bourgeoisie, the slavery was destroyed, braking development of capitalism, was solved by democratic way an agrarian question.
Century that struggle of black Americans for the civil rights has crowned actual, real success was required almost. It has taken place not only under influence of their own struggle accepting sometimes violent forms, but also and owing to evolution of all American society on a way of a recognition of universal values and respect of the human rights for the first time proclaimed in America in 1776 by a first step in this direction there was a great document on a cancellation of the slavery, signed Lincoln. At the same time, restoration of unity of the country demanded destruction of old system of the South, reorganization of his(its) mentality. became for the South last means of self-preservation, a survival as slaveholding system. protected the property, the way of life that is why named civil war by the war for independence. and the civil war which has followed behind it(her) to the full have revealed those sharp distinctions which were generated as a result of various variants development of two regions of USA.
Inconsistent results of civil war in USA steel some kind of the inheritance, both for a modern history of this country, and for a history of many capitalist states. Theories of " social harmony , a classless society , a class brotherhood , so fashionable now in the West, leave the roots in events of new time, frequently - in social cataclysms what civil war was for USA. The coherence problems of modern America with all her(it) more than a two-centuries history, the central place in which is borrowed(occupied) with war of the North and the South, is obvious. And certainly, these questions deserve deep, steadfast studying.
