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The introduction.
I have chosen a question on development of USA as it is one of the most interesting countries of the world; this unique country which has left war with got stronger economy. This country became the centre of the block of capitalist powers and the creator of the nuclear weapon. Actually, USA have won cold war and became the strongest power of the world.
Starting to studying the above-stated literature, I have brought attention to the question to myself the following questions: about circumstances of the beginning of cold war, external and G.Trumena's internal policy, about the program of " new boundaries , about flights on the Moon and confrontations of two superpowers, about struggle for the rights, about "" in cold war and signings of the international contracts, about recent reforms in USA.
On all above-stated questions I to some extent to the full have found answers. The huge help in a spelling of the abstract rendered a source ? 8. due to it(him) I has learned to make abstracts.
1. Internal and G.Trumena's foreign policy. The plan of Marshall. and "witch-hunt". An aggravation of the conflict to the USSR.
The president Franklin April, 12, 1945 has suddenly died. The new president became former vice-president Harry Trumen.
Position of USA after war was very favourable: USA has finished war with insignificant human losses, the powerful military potential - the first class aircraft, powerful ocean fleet, strong overland army (12 million person against 3 million today) was created. USA had the unique nuclear weapon. On the problem(task) has lain to develop post-war political strategy of United States. In internal policy has declared reduction of army and conversion of a war industry (the Soldier's bill about rights). For former militarians privileges were given in the field of formation(education), reception of credits for construction of habitation and opening of the business. In 1946 - 1948 a number(line) of laws on employment, liquidation to unemployment, stabilization of a level of the minimal payment were accepted. G.Trumen's program has named a policy(politics) of " a fair rate . However has very carefully reconsidered policy(politics) , has cleaned off the cabinet. Republicans, having achieved the majority in the congress of USA, have passed the law the Taffeta - (1947) about an interdiction of strikes of civil servants and the strikes of the solidarity which has been not connected to economic problems. The president has imposed the veto on this law, however the congress repeatedly has accepted it(him) with overweight in 2/3 voices.
Foreign policy essentially differed from F.D.Ruzvel'ta's policy(politics). If carried out(spent) an allied policy(politics) from the USSR in war against fascism Harry Trumen will carry out(spend) the doctrine of restraint of communism led by the USSR. Actions of Soviet Union considered(examined) as aggression. In February, 1946 the ambassador of USA in the USSR John Kennan has directed the long telegram in which informed impossibility of continuation of familiarity from the USSR to Washington. The former prime minister of England has acted in March, 1946 in with the speech calling for strengthening of Anglo-American cooperation and accusing USSR in omission of "Iron Curtain" on the countries of the East Europe and imposings by him(it) of a communistic mode. Actions of the USSR in the -turkish conflict an autumn of 1946 of the country of the West have estimated as diplomatic preparation in an attack to Turkey. For maintenance of the countries of the West in consequences of war the state secretary And. Marshall has offered the plan of the humanitarian help. The countries submitted the applications, they were considered(examined) by the congress of USA and, in case of the consent, the equipment and the foodstuffs was bought from the American farmers and delivered to Europe. And the USSR has refused the help and, on the contrary, took out from the East Europe the equipment on reparations. The Berlin crisis has frozen a question on reunion of Germany for decades. In 1949 of USA and other capitalist countries have organized the NATO (The North Atlantic Organization). Nuclear the weapon of the USSR, in opinion of the American experts, could not create independently, that has given an occasion in struggle against world(global) communism . Especially in this business senator Dzh has proved. , declaring, that communists have penetrated even into machinery of state of USA. This campaign 50-53 years has received the name of "witch-hunt". Even the small not influential party(set) of communists in USA was arrested and dispersed. Loaylty check and reliability were passed with millions person, however it nevertheless was not level with Stalin reprisals.
2. Board D. Ejzenhauera. Doctrine . Struggle for independence black.
Duajt David Ejzenhauer, the former general of army, appeared G.Trumen which popularity has sharply fallen in connection with the tightened(delayed) war in Korea is more popular in people, than. In spite of the fact that after 22 amendments to the constitution from 1951 to re-elect the president it was authorized only once and for the Congress has made last exception, Harry Trumen the nominee on elections has not put forward. first of all, using that nobody could suspect of treachery of national interests, has stopped hysterical campaign against heterodoxes. The head of state department Dalles with whom was has retired is connected balancing on the verge of war and massed punishment . Certainly, at the Korean war was finished, visit to USA was held. It(he) has noted danger of influence on a top of militarians and politicians. After a series of revolts on Near East the president has acted with Doctrine which provided an opportunity of military intervention of USA when revolutionary movements threatened with overthrow of lawful modes. In internal policy has lowered taxes and has cancelled some measures accepted earlier in connection with the Korean war. 50th years were years safe, and after the Korean war - peace. However in 1955-1956 have begun mass performance(statement) of negros against on the part of white. The leader of movement became . An occasion to a mass action appeared refusal from white a place in the bus 43 years(summer) negress from Montgomery with its(her) subsequent arrest. The action(share) on foot in a name of freedom in which have accepted participations about 50 000 negros was developed(unwrapped). The bus companies have incurred(carried) heavy losses and it was necessary to cancel. Further (1965-1967 years) there were mass excitements black which were police. Soon April, 4, 1968 in Memphis the racist killed M.L.King. In reply to it there was an organization of insurgents Black panthers , which victims of steel usual white people. In 1964 - 1968 laws on restriction of a racial discrimination , laws on protection of suffrages and rights were accepted at receipt for work. In films now the negro could not play the negative hero. On maintenance of rights at the end of 80th years left up to 40 % of the federal budget.
3. Ayr of astronautics. New boundaries . and creation of " the Great society . The Caribbean crisis.
October, 4, 1957 Soviet Union has carried out start of the first artificial satellite of the Earth, challenged to the technical superiority of USA. January, 02 Russia also has carried out the first flight of space station to the moon "Moon - 1", the same station became the first artificial planet ( into a heliocentric orbit). USA has started a spacecraft only March, 03 the same year. As the USSR has carried out the first flight from the Earth on the Moon and first her(it) has photographed. At Americans one failures followed: only from fifth time June, 28, 1964 the American station Ranger - 7 has executed detailed shooting a lunar surface. As the first USSR has executed soft landing(planting) to a lunar surface ( the Moon - 9 January, 31, 1966) and has learned(found out), that on the Moon there is no multimeter layer of a dust and its(her) surface firm. In two months "Moon - 10" became the first satellite of the Moon. Americans, starting the satellites, persistently prepared for landing the crew to the Moon (a series of the ships "Surveyor" Lunar Orbiter ). The first alive essences which have flown the moon, steel by the Soviet ship "Probe - 5". However further because of failures of the USSR has curtailed(turned) the lunar program. The first people which have flown around of the Moon December, 21, 1968 became crew Apollo - 8. And July, 21, 1969 Nile and for the first time have entered on a lunar surface. And July, 24 on aircraft carrier "" of them president R.Nikson has met. And the very first flight to the moon other states (except for the USSR and USA) was carried out only in 1990 by Japan.
But we shall return to USA after the first start of the Soviet satellite. Americans began to show concern. It democrats, promising to show to the world also have caught ability to changes. 1960 at elections was won by John Fitsdzheral'd Kennedi. has passed laws on an interdiction of a racial discrimination and has offered program "". Socially - the economic program which has received the name of " new boundaries , provided maintenance of balance of mass production and mass consumption.
January, 1, 1959 Cuban - revolutionaries led by have borrowed(occupied) capital of Cuba - Havana. The new government former dictator Rubena of the Lawn conducting a pro-American policy(politics). supported the USSR which has placed the nuclear rockets on Cuba. In reply to it USA has established sea blockade of Cuba. But soon and have agreed, and rockets were removed(cleaned); blockade is removed(taken off). November, 22 in Dallas during pre-election trip have killed John Kennedi. It already the second case in a history of USA. The bribed actor has killed first time Lincoln on representation on the occasion of end of war of the North and the South. And strange concurrence: the assistant to Lincoln had surname , and assistant Kennedi was Lincoln. On a post of the president has entered , it(he) has won elections of 1964. of L.Dzhonson wanted to create the Great society where there will be no poverty, poverty. With 1960 on 1970 the interest of people living below of a threshold of poverty has decreased twice and has made 12 %. However to finish the program of " the Great society war in Vietnam has prevented.
