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Introduction.
For all history of existence of management many foreign countries have saved up significant data in the field of the theory and practice of management in the industry, an agriculture, trade and others in view of the specific features. Unfortunately, our domestic management science developed independently and separately, frequently ignoring foreign experience of art of management. Within many decades in our country the command control system directing basically the efforts to criticism of foreign experience of management dominated. However, experience of business dealing and realization of management is rich, frequently ambiguous and rather useful to studying by that who has entered on a path of management. Creation of own model of management demands, on the one hand, studying of all valuable, that contains in the foreign theory and practice (but not his(its) thoughtless transferring on domestic ground), and with another - uses of his(its) best achievements in the activity. In all variety of theories and the phenomena of alive practice the American management was and remains to the most powerful an administrative civilization . The American management has allowed USA to borrow(occupy) leading position among the countries of the Western world and Japan.
Besides it is necessary to mean, what exactly in USA for the first time was generated a science and practice of management. His(its) conducting value in the world today is conclusive, and influence on development of the theory, practice is greatest. Nevertheless, there is no need blindly to follow conclusions of the American theorists and their recommendations , but to know their ideas, certainly, it is necessary.
It the urgency of a problem of studying of a history of the American model of management, and, hence, and the given work also speaks.
1. Stages of development of management 1.1. Evolution of administrative idea.
Any organization, any enterprise can not achieve success without management. However management as a kind of activity and as a science in such kind in which we have it(him) now, has appeared not at once.
As soon as prehistoric people began to live the organized groups, at them necessity of management has appeared. At the first stage when groups of people were insignificant, management in all spheres was carried out by one person - the leader of this group. Further, in process of growth of groups and complication of functions carried out by them, necessity of a division of labour and differentiation of functions has appeared. But on it centuries were required. The Egyptian pyramids constructed in 3000 - 2000 up to . ., are the bright certificate not only cultures of ancient Egyptians, but also their administrative art. Construction of huge pyramids demanded, first of all, precise planning. Ancient Greeks paid special attention questions of the organization and management of productions, cared of precise specialization of workers. At the understanding of management as special spheres of human activity is given. It(he) spoke that the main thing in management is to put the necessary person on the necessary place and to achieve performance of the problems(tasks) put before it(him). The linear structure of government has received expression in a control system of Roman empire. Its(her) basic problem taxation from all its(her) parts considerably removed from each other was. Direct board from Rome to carry out it was extremely difficult. Change of structure of management has allowed to strengthen power of Roman empire. In practice of management there are examples of the organizations arisen in an extreme antiquity and successfully functioning and now due to creation of rational structure of management. The Roman Catholic church having the most simple structure of management concerns to their number: daddy, the cardinal, archbishop, bishop and the priest. Revolution in relations of production is connected to the industrial revolution which has begun in middle XVIII in. Allocation of three levels of management is connected to industrial revolution: top, average and bottom. On manufacture the master who became soon hated for workers has appeared. At this stage of development of management the tendency of transition from a principle of supervision of workers to a principle of the organization of work on scientific bases only was planned. Industrial revolution has given a push to development of theoretical researches and practice of management. The big contribution to formation of management science was brought English by William Petti, Adam Smith and David Rikardo. It is necessary to note the huge contribution of English socialist - utopian Robert Ouena to development of administrative idea and practice of management. Before others it(he) has noticed and has estimated a role of the human factor on manufacture to which necessity of the account other researchers came only in 100 years. On formation of the theory of management in a socialist society the big influence rendered K.Marksa's works and F.Engel'sa. Not being engaged in researches of a nature and essence of management, they have brought in the contribution to formation of this science with the help of the methods of research created by them. K.Marks deduces necessity of a division of labour from development of cooperation: the capitalist frequently is not capable to operate the factory independently. Besides in it there is no necessity as work on the supervision, completely separated from the property on the capital, always was offered much. Therefore has become unessential that this work on supervision was carried out by the capitalist. Thus, result of a division of labour was isolation of management which began to be considered(examined) in quality special functions of any joint work. In the same period of time of F.Engel's has specified that is necessary to distinguish management of things and management of people. Many scientists will make a start from this thesis further in the researches. However before epoch of imperialism function of management was carried out by the capitalist and small group of the persons approached to it(him). The role of specially prepared managers especially amplifies in epoch of development of monopolistically capitalism. Having collided(faced) with a competition, a changeable environment, managers developed system of knowledge of how it is better to use resources. Thus, preconditions and sources of formation of management as managements of a special sort are:
* An industrial way of the organization of manufacture;
* Development of market attitudes(relations) which basic elements are demand, the offer and the price.
For ordering stages of development of management science the historical approach with application of a chronological principle was originally used. The American scientists G.Kunts and With 0' have developed more detailed classification of approaches. However this work has not given desirable results. During all history of development of management scientists and researchers of administrative problems undertook attempts to develop universal classification of schools of management. The classifications offered by them carry, to a certain extent, conditional character. It speaks that it is practically impossible to reflect all shades of various sights and positions, it is difficult to find one universal principle which should be taken as a principle classifications.
