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Ratification of the constitution. The promulgated constitution has caused sharp disputes between its(her) supporters - federalists and those who was against it(her), - antifederalists. To come into force, the constitution should be ratified 9 of 13 staffs(states) - by members of the Union. This mission was assigned, on convents of staffs(states) which delegates were selected local legislative assemblies. Such procedure was accepted specially to discharge the ordinary voter of the decision to be or to not be the federal constitution of 1787. The country has broken up on two camps. Fierce political strike began. Supporters of the constitution - federalists arranged demonstrations, acted at assemblies and in a seal, agitating for its(her) ratification. The most active role in aspiration to prove necessity of acceptance of the constitution played participating in its(her) creation . , . and And. Hamilton. Opponents of the constitution - antifederalists, have done the utmost to rally forces, opposing ratifications of the new code of laws. Position of antifederalists was complicated that resolute supporters of revision of " Clauses(articles) of confederation were not only conservative-minded politicians, but also such representatives of bourgeois-democratic idea as T.Pejn and T.Dzhefferson. They, the truth, considered(examined) the constitution in other aspect - as the manifest of democratic freedom. However both , and , for example, considered absolutely necessary that USA were more centralized state. Besides some groups of the population belonging to "bottoms", in particular the New York handicraftsmen, have approvingly considered development(manufacture) of the constitution as earlier existing order had perniciously an effect for their economic situation. It and some other factors undermined democratic opposition of the new constitution. Nevertheless antifederalists had powerful enough forces, having directed them on struggle against ratification of the constitution. In heat of campaign concerning ratification of constitution marked, that "opposition" carries so terrible character that outcome of struggle is represented problematic. Antifederalists declared, that the convent was not in the right to reconsider Clause(article) of confederation and consequently the new constitution is unlawful. Demonstrations and meetings of the protest have captured all country. The mass processions accompanied with public burning of the constitution were arranged. Between opponents and supporters of the constitution there were the skirmishes getting sometimes character of the present battles when were used the weapon, stick and stones as it was, for example, in New York.
Despite of the general(common) decrease(reduction) of a property qualification, the suffrage in the majority of staffs(states) at all was not general. For example, for participation in elections in Massachusetts and -Hampshire it was necessary to have the property a minimum of 60 . The item, in Connecticut - to own the real estate not less than on 134 dollars or to pay not less than 7 dollars of the tax. In South Carolina suffrages were given to all white inhabitants - men, living in staff(state) not less than the year, trusting in the god and owning 50 acres of the ground. In Northern Carolina and Virginia the suffrage allocated everyone white the man, owning the property a minimum of 10 . An item. Similar rules existed in a number of other staffs(states). It was even more complex(difficult) to receive the right on election in legislative assembly: for this purpose higher property qualification was established. Thus, representatives of propertying layers from structure of legislative assemblies, delegates of local convents, solved also a question on ratification of the constitution. On calculations . T.Mejna, in under the new constitution 7/8 large businessmen and shipowners, 5/6 merchants and 2/3 lawyers have acted. Federalists large land owners, planters, usurers, and also some part of farmers and fine land owners - tenants depending on them supported, a part of handicraftsmen and workers. Scales of the country of force of federalists and antifederalists were approximately equal. On the social composition the camp of antifederalists was more democratic, but simultaneously and is extremely non-uniform. Notwithstanding what his(its) basic support - farmers, handicraftsmen and representatives of needy layers, here again in the chapter of movement appeared representatives - circles. At antifederalists the small numerical superiority, probably, was, but, not having the precise positive program, they were engaged mainly in criticism of the constitution. Federalists were better organized, as has helped them with result to achieve success though business it appeared extremely difficult. In December 1787 - January, 1788 supporters of the constitution managed to gain rather easy victory on convents of Delaware, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Georgia, and also in Connecticut. Sharp discussion was developed(unwrapped) on convent of Massachusetts where moods against which the constitution was directed were still strong. Therefore at voting in February, 1788 she(it) was authorized only by narrow majority of voices (187 against 167). In Virginia federalists managed to collect only 89 voices against 79. debate on convent of -Hampshire where only at repeated convocation in June the constitution was authorized by 57 voices against 47 very sharply proceeded. In Rhode Island at rather wide suffrages the referendum in which participated about 50 % of the adult man's population was carried out(spent). For the constitution it was sent less than 10 % of voices. Rhode Island was compelled to ratify the constitution in May, 1790 after all staffs(states) of her(it) have approved. On the basis of this constitution the new government already operated, and it has threatened Rhode Island with economic sanctions in default to submit the voice for constitution which has already entered by then valid. During political strike around of the constitution of 1787 the important place was borrowed(occupied) with a question on human rights. Supporters of a democratic wing demanded to add the constitution to the Bill about rights. In 10 staffs(states) from 13 Bill about rights was already included in the text of local constitutions. At discussion of the federal constitution of 7 staffs(states) have stipulated the consent to its(her) ratification only on condition that she(it) will be added with clauses(articles) about human rights.
Federalists tried to prove, that as the local legislation of staffs(states) in most cases already contained a similar sort of the decision to enter special section about human rights into the federal constitution it is not meaningful. In 1789 the congress was compelled to accept the Bill about rights, 10 amendments to the constitution which have come into force since November, 1791.
Acceptance the Bill about rights
Acceptance of the Bill about rights was the compelled measure for federalists. But this measure had basic value. She(it) was serious success of democratic forces and gave the constitution other sounding.
The bill about rights included the amendments containing the constitutional guarantees of bourgeois freedom. The first amendment proclaimed a freedom of speech, seales and assemblies. The second recognized, that for a guarantee of freedom staffs(states) have the right to contain a home guard, and people - to have and carry the weapon. The third forbade the soldier in private(individual) houses without the consent of the owner in a peace time and it was authorized only in case of the special law - in military. The fourth provided a personal immunity and property. Searches and arrests could be made only on presentation of the warrant which was given out by judicial authorities at presence of " the thorough reasons . The fifth amendment entered a jury and proclaimed, that anybody it is impossible to force to testify at any criminal case against itself or to deprive with life, freedom and the property without appropriate trial . The sixth, the seventh and the eighth concerned procedure of legal proceedings. The ninth ascertained the important position: Those rights, with which people if they were not included in the constitution already uses, are cancelled can not be. At last, the tenth amendment emphasized, that the rights of the staffs(states) which have been not transferred(handed) to the federal government, remain in inviolability. Though declaration of freedom and human rights in conditions bourgeois building not is yet their implementation, inclusion of the Bill about rights in the constitution of USA was the important gain of revolution.
Acceptance of the constitution and establishment of the new centralized federal system promoted strengthening of an independent state system of USA. There were projects according to which instead of the uniform state it was supposed to create some confederations.
