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The conclusion
Revolution in USA began from 1775 when in colonies armed revolt has flashed, and has terminated in 1783 in the conclusion of the peace treaty with England, ratified successful end of war for independence. Speaking about this period of a history of USA, it is necessary to emphasize, that a channel of revolution was emancipating movement of 1763-1775 which was connected to the subsequent transformations. These years there was a becoming revolutionary forces, organizational forms and methods were produced, the revolutionary situation has ripened. By virtue of these reasons emancipating movement is inseparable from a history of the American revolution and certainly acceptance of the constitution. As a result of acceptance of the federal constitution of 1787 and its(her) ratification in 1789 ruling classes have managed to ratify the position and to stabilize conditions. Thus, feature under the whole period of life of USA was as though brought.
First of all it is necessary to emphasize, that the American revolution proceeded in other historical conditions, than the others. A prominent aspect of an origin of revolutions - their social roots driving forces. As to America this country did not know feudalism as system. The history of America began from more favourable circumstances without ruins of Middle Ages . Therefore, though attempts to spread feudal attitudes(relations) were undertaken and feudal institutes were created, some they have not received wide development. Nevertheless, speaking about results of the American revolution, it is necessary to emphasize, that liquidation of feudal institutes (with what weak they were) - its(her) major result. Despite of the modest list feudal orders imported to America, they represented quite certain historical tendency supported with a number(line) of factors, economic and political. Therefore the basic result of the American revolution consist in liquidation not separate vestiges of feudalism, and the feudal tendency.
Declaration of democratic freedom, even in their limited bourgeois interpretation as it was in America, was the important result of revolution. The elite was compelled to go on a concession.
The declaration of independence, and then and the constitution of USA, despite of all its(her) lacks, have ratified in America advanced republican build.
It is necessary to note, in my opinion, that fact, that main from objects in view of the constitution, it was achieved. Namely the strong presidential authority was created, but the system and at the same time is ideally generated.
It is impossible to forget, also that the constitution of USA 1787., despite of "democratic character", has got her(it), in our present understanding, only thanking to the Bill about rights and to 13, 14 and 15 amendments of the constitution. As in these legal documents basic freedom and rights of citizens, such were fixed, as for example the cancellation of slavery (13 amendment) or an establishment of an opportunity to vote independently from race, color of a leather(skin) or in connection with a former presence(finding) in dependent . Actually the Constitution has existed the whole half-century without the basic amendments liquidating a racial discrimination.
2. Working-class movement in USA at the end of XIX - the beginning of XX century.
In USA transition to imperialism was made at full absence large landed properties. In southern staffs(states) as a result of clearing negros - slaves without the ground large estates were kept. The abundance of the free grounds, huge stocks of readily available natural resources of coal, ore, a wood, the petroleum, convenient river and sea messages, import in the country of capitals from England both other European countries and constant inflow of a labour as immigrants accelerated capitalist development of the country. " Concentration of manufacture and the capital has reached(achieved) a high level " 4. By the end of XIX century of 445 largest capitalist companies had the capital from above 20 billion dollars. These conditions detained distribution among working USA socialist ideas, awakening of class proletarian consciousness. " Presence of the free grounds in the West created illusion of an opportunity of transformation into independent farmers at hired workers. Huge arrived the American capitalists, caused by a high technological level of the enterprises and high norm of operation, allowed North American bourgeoisie to do(make) a concession by the worker of the top skills " 5. Owing to immigration of poor men from other countries the structure of proletariat of USA was multinational. The significant part of it(him) consist from working - Irish, Italians, Jews, Russian, Germans, Poles to whom the most black and heavy work was assigned, frequently for an insignificant payment. The narrow top layer most qualified workers turned in working aristocracy. Between immigrants and radical local workers capitalists kindled national and raised racial hatred of white workers to negros, and to Japanese. July, 19-22, 1876 congress of all socialist groups and parties(sets) on which the decision on formation(education) of the incorporated party(set) under the name the Working party(set) of United States was accepted was held. In December 1877. in New York the party(set) was renamed into the Socialist working party(set). The main principle of a party(set) said: " Knowledge - an arsenal, the reason - weapon, a voting sphere - a throwing shell " 6. and his(its) supporters recognized only parliamentary struggle. 80th years are characterized by rough performances(statements), boycotts. " The Central question around of which the great bulk acting was united, the question on a 8-hour working day was. In this movement for a 8-hour working day participated hundred thousand workers " 7. The most powerful national organization of workers was arisen in 1869 " the Award of knights of work ". Till 1878 the award existed as the illegal organization. It(he) put to itself(himself) the limited purposes: the device of cooperative societies, mutual aid and struggle for " fair working conditions " 8. It(he) agitated for solidarity of all workers for struggle against the organized capital. In a basis of the program of an award three principles laid: conspiracy, cooperation and education. " , come in 1879 on change , considered, that cooperation promotes replacement of system of wage labour with cooperative industrial system " 9. For many years at congresses " Awards of knights of work " made of the decision on struggle for reduction of a working day: at congress 1881, 1882, 1883 and 1884, " were without results brought the offer I about necessity to plan date of general performance(statement) for 8 hour working day " 10.
In 80th years " the Award of knights of work " appeared that organization in which the American workers have directed at the moment of rise of a mass movement. " In 1879 the award totaled only 9287 members, and in 1886 the number of them has exceeded 700 thousand " 11. The great bulk of members was made by untrained workers. " The Award of knights of work " in the organization of negro working has achieved the big successes.
In 1881 there was a Federation of the organized trade unions and the working unions of United States and Canada, renamed through five years in the American federation of work. Among founders of the new trade-union centre an outstanding role played S.Gompers and A.Shtrasser. As against " the Award of knights of work ", represented association of a top of working class. At congress in 1884 the resolution which said was accepted: " The federation of the organized trade unions decides, that since May, 1, 1886 the 8-hour working day will be a lawful working day " 12. The federation uniting at that time about 50 thousand the person, could not head movement, therefore she(it) has addressed to the Award of knights of work about the offer on joint actions. Thousand " knights actively were included in struggle, in particular in such large centres of the country, as New York, Philadelphia, Boston, . Since March, 1, 1886 preparation for the general(common) performance(statement) was conducted, passed demonstrations, strikes, boycotts in which participated 350 thousand workers. In result about 200 thousand workers have achieved 8-hour day. This struggle has accepted especially sharp character in Chicago where in 5 movements stood , , , Shilling, . May, 1, 1186 about 40 thousand working Chicagos have declared strike. Tailors, working wood crafts striked . Strikes proceeded peacefully. May, 2 demonstrations proceeded.
