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Influence of information technologies on sphere of work in USA can be named really revolutionary. So, under forecasts, by 2006 about half of economically active population of the country or it will be borrowed(occupied) in the branches making information technologies, or begins to use them actively in the work. What means? Wide use of personal computers, which quantity(amount) has already exceeded 110 million units; the computer equipment supervising work of industrial systems, and first of all robotics; the computers managing -financially stocks that considerably has allowed to transform system the enterprises, having established reliable communications(connections) between suppliers and wholesale buyers of production in a mode on-line; computer systems of designing and the design repeatedly increasing productivity of engineering work; Computers and telecommunication technologies in the financial markets and in the bank sphere, financial transactions providing all kinds without participation of huge number of bank employees; telecommunications, including quickly developing cellular communication; and at last, opportunities of the Internet. USA outstrips all advanced countries under charges on manufacture of information technologies and researches in this area. We shall tell, in 1999 Americans have spent for these purposes of 4,5 % of gross national product. Going a trace Sweden (4,3 % of gross national product) and Canada (4 %) - in view of the absolute sizes - cannot be considered(examined) their gross national product as strategic competitors of United States in this sphere. Dynamics(changes) of quantity(amount) of users testifies to speed of distribution of information technologies the Internet in the country, in particular. In 1995 of them it was totaled 22 million, in 1999 - 110 million, in 2000 - 133 million Monthly the Internet use 64 million Americans; the sales volume through " a global web " has exceeded 300 billion dollars (the sales volume of all motor industry of USA is those. These processes are closely connected to changes as in scales of employment in various trades and occurrence of essentially new kinds of activity, and in character of work, a level of required qualification. Actually, information - a serious call to all sphere of work, its(her) check on ability to adapt for the new conditions determined by scientific and technical progress. Influence of computer technologies on employment and the maintenance(contents) of work is inconsistent enough and is differently shown in the various periods of their use. So, at the initial stage - from middle 70 up to middle of 80th years - employment, for example, in branch on manufacture of computers has increased in USA almost by 80 %, while general employment - only on 4 %. In process of amplification(strengthening) of the international competition the situation has changed: from middle 80 up to middle of 90th years employment in computer branch was reduced to 26 %. However reduction of the industrial employment partly connected and with growth of labour productivity, was with interest compensated by its(her) growth in non-productive "computer" trades (administrative - support personnel serving computers, programmers, founders of the peripheral equipment, operators of local networks etc.) . Thus the question is not only occurrence of new trades, but also that disappears need(requirement) for managers and offices - managers of former qualification: today from them possession of information technologies for the most different purposes - from management of document circulation before work with databases and processings of texts is required. Information has affected overwhelming majority of traditional trades. Engineers and scientists for a long time do not manage a computer already, financial analytics and bank employees, doctors and lawyers, transport agents, designers. Automobile mechanics today hardly will find work if they are not capable to lead(carry out) computer diagnostics of the machine. For a labour market one of results of distribution of information technologies becomes while only planned shortage of the highly skilled staff. By estimations, in 2002 in the Western Europe, for example, demand for high quality experts for 20 % will exceed their offer. In USA this demand while is satisfied mainly due to foreign scientists and engineers. Since 1985 on 1996 75 % protected theses for a doctor's degree in natural and the exact sciences were foreigners, and the majority of them has preferred to remain in USA. However the personnel situation can become aggravated. On annual rates of a gain of quantity(amount) of students United States lag behind many countries of the world: in 1990-1996 these rates in Africa have made 7,2 %, in Asia - 5,9 %, in Europe - 2,1 %, in USA - only 1,3 %. From the general(common) world(global) gain of number of students for this period on a share of the countries of Asia it was necessary 62,6 %, Europe - 16,1 %, USA - 11,9 % and Africa - 9,4 %. Universities of India, for example, annually let out 122 thousand engineers, and American - only 63 thousand. Principles of the organization of work vary also. Former attachment to a workplace in many cases becomes not obligatory, no less than a rigid time mode of work. On change by him(it) there come work in-home, diagrams flexible working hours. New modes of work create many advantages to workers: there is an opportunity more flexibly to plan working and personal time, to pay more attention formation(education), and also family and education of children, to avoid rush hours on transport etc. At the same time, and it is marked by many American researchers, similar organizational and time flexibility opens opportunities for amplification(strengthening) of operation of workers, neglects their legitimate interests as allows, using their isolability and a separation from colleagues and managements(manuals) to increase an overtime to limit in the information, including about opportunities of service growth and increase of wages. Having place changes, apparently, demand acceptance of the appropriate legislation protecting the rights of working in new conditions. New technologies negatively can influence and other rights and interests of workers. The special alarm is caused with threat of intervention in their private(individual) life. According to the American association of management, 45 % of the American companies in 1999 listened and wrote down telephone conversations of the employees, looked through their e-mail and computer files. It on 10 % is more, than in 1997. Thus, information technologies derivate a lot in many respects the new problems concerning both employment and qualification of workers, and their legitimate rights and the interests demanding proper response of a society.
