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Revolutions - locomotives of a history . This marxist position finds convincing acknowledgement(confirmation) in a history of USA. Civil war in USA 1861 - 1865. had character of the revolutionary armed struggle between supporters and opponents . - slaveholders and destruction of slavery of negros in the south of USA has passed military route of planters in an atmosphere of the revolutionary revolution caused by civil war. (4)
And this great historical dispute, unsolved up to the end in modern America, sets even more deeply thinking to the Russian historians how the price of the historical tragedies accompanying with split of the country and bloody wars is great.
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1. R.F.Avraam's Ivanov Lincoln and civil war in USA. ?., 1964. 462
2. A.V.sketch of a history of USA. M, 1958., 161.
3. .. USA: ways of development of capitalism. ?., 1969., 531.
4. By one century of civil war in USA / the Collection of clauses(articles) under . A.V.Zuboka and L.I.Efimova/., ?., 1961, 3.
Chapter 1
Preconditions and the reasons of civil war
The reasons of civil war in USA, flashed in April, 1861, are too inconsistent and . Still before (July, 4, 1776) North American colonies of England, having proclaimed independence, began the independent state, on these grounds basically there was a social hierarchy with two versions - northern and southern. In the south - in the chapter of her(it) there was a solvent class of planters (frequently - descendants of aristocratic English families) which business appendage were the dealers who are carrying out weight of operations, too complex(difficult) for shirkers - aristocrats and "unworthy" them. Immense plantations of the South - first of all tobacco (from the end XVIII in. - cotton), and also sugar, rice and any others - were processed with the negros - slaves, deprived any rights. (1)
The history of negros in Northern America has developed so, that, being formally free in the North, they were, from the point of view of all white Americans essences of the lowest category, and for - simply household goods, the dumb animals distinguished from cows or horses, only functional application. "Respectable" northerners in which environment dealers, and then and industrialists played the leading part, did not care at all that occured with these black on open spaces of southern plantations. However, in the North slaveries did not exist. The part of negros there even had tiny farms, at times - and workshops which, the truth, negros visited(attended) only. White indulgently looked at it, sincerely being pleased with "democratism". (2)
Such position was kept down to the beginning of 20th years XIX in., when in USA separate opponents of slavery have appeared not (it was and before), and all is more resolute than group of people stating the protest against this institute incompatible to rough development of capitalism in the country and bourgeois-democratic ethics. Basically it was labour the North and - to a lesser degree - the South: farmers, handicraftsmen, later - also industrial workers, the best part of intelligency. Certainly, such stratification in a question on slavery should not be taken literally for rather significant part of commoners (it is especial in the south) was infected with the racist prejudices based exclusively on neglect to other(other), black, to color of a leather(skin) of what, appear, could be remained the lowest race on the ground of America.
But with it did not wish to be reconciled neither negros, nor their white defenders whom became more and more. Since 20th years disputes on that to be or to not be in USA to slavery, and about other problems connected to it actively interfere in political area, become a subject of rough discussions in the congress of USA, in assemblies practically each staff(state). Even prior to the beginning of civil war the negro question became the reason of diverse forms of struggle and in portable and literally words. (3)
In 50th years the forcing of explosive conditions around of a problem of slavery has amplified. Then a synonym of expression a negro question steel of a word the inevitable conflict - and to this day - historians call this problem. Business of protection of rights of negros on all white citizens of United States used what, has ceased to be monopoly of singles and small groups.
