USA Cities
[ A - A ] [ A - B ] [ B - B ] [ B - C ] [ C - C ] [ C - D ] [ D - E ] [ E - F ] [ F - G ] [ G - H ] [ H - I ] [ I - K ] [ K - L ] [ L - L ] [ L - M ] [ M - M ] [ M - N ] [ N - O ] [ O - P ] [ P - P ] [ P - R ] [ R - S ] [ S - S ] [ S - S ] [ S - T ] [ T - V ] [ V - W ] [ W - Y ] [ Y - Y ]
Links:
How to convert GIF 2 JPG - small guidance for this type of the image formats conversion
Top Free Stuff Sites - cool wallpapers, ringtones for your mobile!
1. .. On fields of battles of civil war in USA. ?., 1988. With 11,12
CHAPTER 2
Civil war
April, 12, 1861 fort "" at the Atlantic coast of USA has unexpectedly undergone to powerful artillery bombardment. On it(him) beat guns of fort "" which is taking place on an opposite coast of a passage, and three batteries of field artillery. Bombardment proceeded more days In territory of fort "" fires have begun, the part of artillery was put out of action. (1) In midday April, 14 under fight of drums in forte "" the Star-Spangled Banner of United States was lowered, the garrison is planted(put) in boats and sent on a coast, and a fort with all his(its) powerful strengthenings and almost in one hundred serviceable guns has passed to the enemy. (1) So the war including in a history under the name of civil war in USA, or wars of the North against the South began. She(it) proceeded four years and was one of the most bloody wars in a history of America. War has played rather important role in political life of this country. To the beginning of war in the North lived 22 million person in the south - only 9 million, of them 3,5 million was made with negros - slaves. The economic superiority of the North though to a certain extent it was connected to incomes of agricultural production of the South (the industry in southern staffs(states) practically was significant also was absent). The south - objectively weaker party(side), since the first days of war has led itself extremely , his(its) representatives at all levels expressed in categorical and irreconcilable tone. to the death, up to a victory as which more resolute from them understood military route of the North, and the others obviously prepared - "only" rigid defense of borders of Confederation that northerners nothing could break its(her) political and social and economic structure. The north which was reasonably feeling like stronger, sure in to it(him) inexhaustible resources, did not hurry up in fight, fondly considering, that the victory is guaranteed to it(him) and so. And not clear prospect any (they also could not present which!) Number of victims and destructions, large material inputs did not inspire business, economical northerners on immediate fight. The certain bases for such carelessness at northerners were, probably, even in the greater degree, than it is accepted for counting. In opinion of the majority of researchers, the best and prevailing part of the American officers at once after has left army and has gone to native southern staffs(states). Figures speak about the opposite: from 1108 officers consisting in army of USA by the beginning of 1861, only 313 (hardly more than 28 %) have submitted to resignation and then have entered various armies of the South. Practically all of them were and not without the certain logic declared, that nobody will force them to be at war against native staff(state). So, the real parity(ratio) is available: 795 officers have remained in the North. (1) The myth about that almost all federal officers "have run away" on the South, was partly caused by separate such vivid examples. Main from them it is connected to the biography of the most known general of Confederation of the native of Virginia of Robert Li. It(he) has acted in the beginning of 1861 against southern staffs(states). Whether at that time the colonel temporarily odered about the Texas district. The ambassador Texases (February, 1) it(he) has left(abandoned) this post and has left to family in on border and federal capital district of Columbia.
1. .. On fields of battles of civil war in USA. M. 1988. with 14-21.
Whether March, 28 Lincoln has appointed the commander of 1-st a shelf of active armed forces, Whether and April, 18 the commander-in-chief Scott has invited to itself and his(its) post has offered to hold. Scott has explained, that it(he) is already old and the wartime is afraid to not consult(cope) with problems(tasks). But Whether has refused, and already April, 22 the governor of Virginia has offered it(him) to oder about all armed forces of staff(state) a rank of the general - major. Whether has agreed. (1) Those April days time of hopes and illusions for both parties(sides) came to an end. Terrible, severe war about which as Americans speak, the chest children who have been born of many(a lot of,much) decades after remember even, was already knocked on a gate of the country proclaimed most democratic, most free, most prospering on ground, not being interested, that other nations think of it. And now self-confident compatriots converged face to face on fields of battles that fire of instruments and rifles to arrange bloody check to all these slogans of which indisputability Americans until then did not doubt. - battle.
In the evening July, 20 about 65 thousand Americans divided(shared) into two hostile armies, stood at a rivulet of the -wounds, ready to start(begin) the first in this war (and in the American history!) fratricidal battle in so unprecedented scales. It has received a name from small on which coast it was developed(unwrapped) though domestic historians for a long time persistently call his(its) battle at . So his(its) press of rebels has once named, but in due course in USA "northern" variant was ratified, and certainly to call it(him) so more logically. - battle has substantially defined(determined) the further course of war approximately up to an autumn 1862 (1) At 2 o'clock in the morning the soldier of a striking force have woken and have sent in a roundabout 12-mile march which would deduce(remove) them in rear Boregara. Simultaneously planned direct impact by two other groups on the stone bridge through -wounds, and also to the south from the -country House where in opinion of the general, the opponent expected the main impact. With dawn the roundabout group of two divisions led by , having passed the ford -Springs not protected by the opponent, has passed and soon appeared in rear of the left flank . Attack appeared successful: not expecting from northerners of such speed, rebels have trembled and began to recede. Attack through the stone bridge not so successfully developed, but also there northerners restricted the opponent. Ridden to a place of approaching accident has thrown across to approach of northerners reserve brigade of Jackson from Virginia to which managed to stop a powerful impact. It has helped to find confidence and to other parts of the rebels, running was in a panic. General B. Bi skipped, barring the way to fugitives, and shouted: Cost(stand)! Cost(stand)! Look at a brigade of Jackson! She(it) costs(stands) here, as a stone wall! (Jackson could be lost about two years after, and all this time it(he) carried a nickname the Stone Wall, more than once justifying his(its) proof defense or a shattering impact.) (1) Running began to stop, come back back, and northerners threw all new forces in fight. There was to attack a brigade of colonel William Shermana, of the future hero of war; for this battle to it(him) have soon appropriated(given) a rank of the brigade general. But as a whole by then, approximately by 2 o'clock in the afternoon, approach already exhausted. Many soldiers were on legs for 12 hours, they have got tired during a roundabout march, of desperate fight, and cartridges were on outcome.
1. .. On fields of battles of civil war in USA. M.. 1988 with 28-29
That here there soldiers stood groups, "having a rest" from fight, and some even lay down on a grass. Others have engaged in frank marauding: removed with killed in quality of "souvenirs" belts, cocardes, pulled out from their pockets money and different knickknacks. It is curious, that anybody from contemporaries - plainly could not recollect battle, that occured at this stage of fight. From their inconsistent certificates, there is a picture of the certain chaos: in one place northerners continued an impact, in the friend rebels already successfully attacked, in a number of places because of absence of cartridges was fastened hand-to-hand. Some times from hands in hands passed a small plateau where there were two small houses, in one of which the free negro (lived a rarity for Virginia those years) . , and in the friend - elderly, white widow Dzh. A henry. Gradually force of an impact of northerners has run low finally, and rebels resisted all more fiercely and, passing in counterattacks, won one position for another. Obvious crisis was designated. (1) Also there has come(stepped) an outcome! -Smith's brigade, having received still on the eve the order of Johnston immediately to arrive to ("performance" for trustful was already to anything), approximately at 3 o'clock in the afternoon was unloaded at this railway station and at once has rushed in fight. With special exasperation went in attack of shelfs "tigers" (inhabitants almost all american states and today like to call themselves not "", "-" etc., and traditional names - ; in particular, in Louisiana such - a tiger), crumpled left flank of northerners which has rushed to get away to . Then brigade has put to northerners beaten out from last forces one more impact. Recruits Irvina Makdouella could not sustain it any more. (1) General flight began, is especial on the central site of battle. This, finishing, a part of fight is described by contemporaries with rare unanimity. Major E. Smoll wrote: did(made) desperate attempts to create a new line of defense... But these attempts were fruitless... We so have got tired, that could not leave(abandon) a field of battle with the same speed from what have come on him(it). Soldiers around of me were hardly dragged and panted . The lieutenant from 57-th New York infantry shelf . even on several days in confusion wrote in a diary: All was in haste and confusion, roads were hammered by vans and cannon batteries, and on both parties(sides) from them soldiers, gradually losing any similarity of an army and on eyes running in recklessness spread. There were no , other formations(educations) for restraint of the opponent and if it(he) has really appeared all of us without effort would capture . (1) And similar certificates it is possible to result tens. Route of army Makdouella could be full (to it(her) mass capture threatened also), if but stability(resistance) and courage of two unique regular parts northerners in this battle - infantry battalion and cavalry . They have detained an impact and have enabled receding to leave(abandon) a battlefield rather without serious consequences. However, and rebels were too exhausted by fight that so is zealous to pursue fugitives. Only cavalry has made such attempt, but only that has driven away after the shaking with fear crowd which has dashed away afar of recruits of part and .
Many battles were ahead, and the number falling in them forces Americans to shudder and now. On this background of loss of the parties(sides) in fight at the -wound are not perceived almost, and she(it) seems almost bloodless. But then, in July, 1861, messages on these losses have shaken all country. Northerners have lost 2645 person, including 418 killed, 1011 and 1216 disappeared without a message (in overwhelming majority they appeared in a captivity though someone has simply got away where eyes look). Army and Johnston has lost
1. .. On fields of battles of civil war in USA. M.. 1988 with 30-31
