aberdeen -  abilene -  akron -  alabama -  alameda -  alamogordo -  alaska -  albany -  albuquerque -  alexandria -  alhambra -  allentown -  alpharetta -  altoona -  amarillo -  american samoa -  ames -  anaconda -  anaheim -  anchorage -  anderson -  andover -  ann arbor -  annapolis -  anniston -  apple valley -  appleton -  arizona -  arkansas -  arlington -  asbury park -  asheville -  aspen -  astoria -  athens -  like in the Greece atlanta -  atlantic city -  auburn -  auburn hills -  augusta -  aurora -  austin -  bakersfield -  baltimore -  bangor -  bar harbor -  barre -  barrow -  bartlesville -  basin -  baton rouge -  battle creek -  bay city -  bay st louis -  baytown -  beaumont -  beckley -  belleville -  bellingham -  beloit -  bend -  benton harbor -  bentonville -  berkeley -  berlin -  german city name bessemer -  bethany -  bethesda -  beverly hills -  billings -  biloxi -  binghamton -  birmingham -  bismarck -  blacksburg -  bloomington -  boca raton -  boise -  bossier city -  boston -  boulder -  boulder city -  bowie -  bowling green -  bozeman -  bradenton -  braintree -  brandon -  branson -  bremerton -  bridgeport -  bristol -  broken arrow -  brooklyn park -  brownsville -  brunswick -  buffalo -  burlington -  butte -  cairo -  california -  hot state of the wine calumet city -  cambridge -  camden -  canton -  cape coral -  cape girardeau -  cape may -  carbondale -  caribou -  carson city -  cary -  casper -  cedar city -  cedar falls -  cedar rapids -  centennial -  cerritos -  champaign -  chandler -  chapel hill -  charleston -  charlotte -  charlotte amalie -  charlottesville -  chattanooga -  chelsea -  chesapeake -  chestnut hill -  cheyenne -  chicago -  chicago heights -  chico -  chino -  chino hills -  christiansted -  cicero -  cincinnati -  citrus heights -  claremont -  clarksburg -  clarksville -  clearwater -  clemson -  cleveland -  clovis -  cody -  coeur d alene -  college park -  college station -  colorado -  colorado springs -  columbia -  columbus -  compton -  concord -  connecticut -  cooperstown -  coral gables -  coral springs -  corinth -  corona -  corpus christi -  corvallis -  council bluffs -  covington -  cranston -  cruz bay -  cumberland -  dallas -  dalton -  daly city -  danvers -  danville -  darlington -  davenport -  dayton -  daytona beach -  deadwood -  dearborn -  decatur -  dekalb -  del rio -  delaware -  delray beach -  deltona -  demopolis -  denton -  denver -  des moines -  detroit -  diamond bar -  dickinson -  district of columbia -  dodge city -  dorchester -  dothan -  as the PC chip name douglas -  dover -  downey -  dubuque -  duluth -  dundalk -  durango -  durham -  east lansing -  east rutherford -  east st louis -  eau claire -  edmond -  el paso -  elizabeth city -  elkhart -  elko -  elmira -  elsmere -  enid -  erie -  escondido -  eufaula -  eugene -  eureka -  evanston -  evansville -  fairbanks -  fairfax -  fairfield -  fairmont -  fall river -  fallon -  fargo -  farmington -  fayetteville -  fernley -  flagstaff -  flint -  florence -  florida -  fond du lac -  forest lake -  fort collins -  fort dodge -  fort lauderdale -  fort myers -  fort smith -  fort wayne -  fort worth -  framingham -  frankfort -  franklin -  frederick -  fredericksburg -  frederiksted -  freeport -  fremont -  fresno -  fullerton -  fulton -  gadsden -  gainesville -  gaithersburg -  galesburg -  gallup -  galveston -  garden grove -  gary -  gastonia -  gatlinburg -  georgetown -  georgia -  germantown -  gettysburg -  gilbert -  gilette -  glendale -  glens falls -  grambling -  grand forks -  grand island -  grand junction -  grand rapids -  great falls -  green bay -  green river -  greensboro -  greenville -  greenwich -  guam -  gulf shores -  gulfport -  hackensack -  hagerstown -  half moon bay -  hamilton -  hammond -  hampton -  hannibal -  harper s ferry -  harrisburg -  hartford -  hastings -  hattiesburg -  hawaii -  helena -  henderson -  hershey -  hialeah -  hickory -  high point -  highland park -  hilo -  hoboken -  hollywood -  homer -  honolulu -  hoover -  hope -  hopkinsville -  hot springs -  houma -  houston -  huntington -  huntington beach -  huntington park -  huntsville -  hutchinson -  idaho -  idaho falls -  illinois -  independence -  freedom for the people indiana -  indianapolis -  international falls -  iowa -  iowa city -  ithaca -  jackson -  jacksonville -  jamestown -  janesville -  jefferson city -  jeffersontown -  jersey city -  johnson city -  johnstown -  joliet -  jonesboro -  joplin -  jordan valley -  juneau -  kailua -  Pages [ a - k ]  [ k - s ]  [ s - y ]  [ Archive ]  Links: Top Free Stuff Sites - cool wallpapers, ringtones for your mobile! However May, 3 peace performances(statements) of workers were broken for a long time by provocation. This day about 6 thousand workers have gathered on meeting near to a factory machines Makkormika. The police has opened shooting on unarmed demonstrators; on a place there were 6 killed and 50 critically wounded patients. In the same evening at trade-union assemblies was solved to call at 7 o'clock in the evening May, 4 a mass meeting on the central area of Chicago to brand murder of unarmed workers. Addressed to at assembly Fil'den, etc. When workers peacefully have started to miss, 180 policemen were set on them. The provoker has thrown in numbers(lines) a police bomb which has killed seven policemen, four workers, were also . The police has opened fire on the worker - many were killed. Eight socialists , , , , , , , - were planted(put) on a dock. " In protection of leaders of working-class movement meetings in all large centres of USA were held. Performances(statements) in protection condemned in other countries " November, 13. 11 , have simultaneously begun, and were executed. The large bourgeoisie of USA has managed to decapitate and paralyse movement for a 8-hour working day as it had basically spontaneous character. Weakness , unscrupulousness of its(her) leaders and direct treachery should have an effect. The worker possible to achieve in general(common) reduction of duration of work on one. " In 1892 strike of workers of a steel industry has burst well-known . The incorporated association of workers and a steel industry, one of the most powerful trade-union organizations of that time (she(it) totaled 25 thousand members), had with steelmaking company Karnegi the three-year agreement establishing(installing) a sliding payment " 14. Term of the agreement expired June, 30, 1892. The company has refused to prolong this contract. Workers have answered with strike. have organized a home guard totaling 4 thousand the person. Fight was fastened. From both parties(sides) were killed and . In this I fight which were employed by businessmen, have sufferred full defeat and were compelled to surrender. Then in the eight-thousand group of national guards has arrived. Many heads and active were thrown in prison on accusation of the organization of mutiny against existing authority. Since 1893 from above 43 million unemployed wandered on streets of industrial cities in searches of work. In many cities of the country spontaneously there were " hungry campaigns ". The unemployed went to Washington to submit the government of the petition about acceptance of laws for the benefit of the unemployed. The thousand army of the unemployed started the campaign from Los Angeles, grasping on ways taking place trains. Campaigns from the South and the average West in the spring 1894 were organized. demanded, that the government and local authorities have organized works on repair of roads, streets, school buildings. State financing of these works should be the help the unemployed, to each of which earnings at a rate of not less than 1,5 dollars for a 8-hour working day would be guaranteed. To affect the congress and to force it(him) to accept this plan, groups of the unemployed on management(manual) have begun March, 24, 1894 the campaign from to Washington. To their example have followed tens thousand unemployed. Federal armies dispersed the unemployed and arrested their leaders. In a number of places there were fights, in result were killed and . May, 1, 1894 the unemployed have entered Washington. The demonstration of the working which have reached(achieved) 20 thousand the person, welcomed the unemployed whom it was totaled by the little more than thousand. Here, in Washington, and two main his(its) colleagues were arrested, columns of the unemployed . The big value strike which was connected to activity of Eugene (1855-1926), had the founder of the American union of railwaymen. " Workers of enterprises Pul'manovskoj of the company were exposed to severe operation. Since September, 1893 the wages were reduced to May, 1894 on 40 % " June, 15. 21, 1894 the union have notified the company, that if within four days the agreement on arbitration trial will not be achieved, members of the union where they worked, not begin to fasten to structures cars. June, 26 strike of solidarity began. Movement on all line from Chicago up to Pacific coast was paralysed. Factories stopped, were closed massacre, transportation of grain products and cattle stopped. To the aid of the railway companies the government which has declared strike by "plot" and "revolt" which " threatens the existing order " has come. The president Cleveland has given the order about sending of federal armies to area of strike. A position of heads , severe suits, actions of armies of the federal government and staffs(states), arrest of working leaders and more than 700 active , and also a distress of striking and their families - all this has broken heroic struggle of railwaymen. Strike was finished. By the end of century, after almost 25-years existence, " the Socialist working party(set) totaled no more than 5-6 thousand the members scattered on 26 staffs(states). The party(set) was torn off from weights " 16. On development of a party(set) rendered big influence the Leon (1852-1914) which have entered it(her) in 1890 " It(he) has much worked above that the party(set) leaned(based) on radical American workers, and not just on immigrants as it was till 90th years. Within 90th years socialists combated inside , trying to achieve acceptance by trade unions of the decision on creation of a mass party(set) of proletariat. At congress of 1893 socialists have brought for discussion in " the political program ", including requirements of a 8-hour working day, the organization of the governmental inspection factories and mines(shafts), destructions systems, cancellations of forced labour on public works, nationalization of telegraph, the phone, railways and mines(shafts), and also laws on transition to collective possession of all means of production and distributions " 17. At congress in 1894 has openly acted against acceptance of the political program and has achieved its(her) deviation(rejection). Leon called the adjusted workers to leave from its(her) organizations. " In 1895 under the initiative Leon the Socialist alliance of the qualified and unskilled workers which was the professional organization was created, but was at the same time branch of the Socialist working party(set) and gave more attention to questions of political activity, than economic struggle " 18. In 1900 Leon in the performance(statement) at congress insisted on exception of the program of a party(set) of all nearest requirements. It(he) called socialists and the adjusted workers to leave from organizations . U.Foster considered, that was basically syndicalism in a stage of his(its) formation. Alongside with Socialist working party(set) struggle for influence on working class at the end of 90th years of XIX century was entered by social-democratic Party. In June, 1897 Eugene has organized Social-democratic party of America. The program of this party(set) offered to organize mass immigration of working in one of the western staffs(states) and to create there a colony on the socialist beginnings. Having become stronger in one staff(state), colonists gradually should distribute the experiment with other staffs(states) and thus create socialist United States. To middle of August, 1897 the new party(set) already totaled 25 thousand members. A party(set) has adjoined much , dissatisfied with a policy(politics) Leon. In 1898 congress " has accepted the resolution against a policy(politics) of imperialism and expansion, but nothing was made for its(her) realization " 19. Socialists have not developed the precise program of struggle against military danger, nevertheless they exposed military plans of monopolists; against a policy of militarism and colonial expansion railwaymen, seamen, acted etc. After declaration of war of Spain position has changed. Many working organizations have fallen under influence of demagogy of chauvinists, a military psychosis under the guise struggle for clearing of Cuba. " Leaders of trade unions of seamen, miners, railway brotherhoods and other large trade unions have openly supported support of a policy(politics) of the government " 20. Nevertheless some working organizations continued to oppose wars. Socialists concerned to them, trade unions of machine engineers, and numerous local departments of trade unions. " Antiimperialistic movement has united in the numbers(lines) fine and average bourgeoisie, representatives of intelligency. The antiimperialistic league which has arisen in 1898, has condemned a colonial policy of the American imperialism and has emphasized, that violent connection of millions people of other race disgustingly to spirit of the constitution of USA and the principles put in a basis of the Declaration of independence " 21. Those proletarian elements in working-class movement of USA which were adjusted negatively in relation to management(manual) , aspired to organize the new centre of trade unions based on principles of class struggle. In June, 1905 in Chicago congress on which was present 203 delegates representing 43 organizations was held. A leaging role at congress played J.Debs, U.Hejvud and ?. Leon. " Congress has ratified the charter of the new organization which has received the name " Industrial workers of the world " (). It was solved, that members of the new organization can be only hired workers. The most effective instrument of struggle against capitalism general strike " 22 admitted. Congress has condemned militarism and welcomed Russian revolution. The new organization should be under construction by an industrial principle, in structure of the organization all workers, irrespective of a nationality and color of a leather(skin) were accepted. " In 1906-1907 years was provocative business against heads of the Western federation of miners. The governor of staff(state) of Idaho " 23 was killed in 1905. Authorities of staff(state) have assigned huge means to accuse of murder of leaders of the Western federation of miners. Its(her) chairman was thrown in prison and remained there 18 . Outstanding heads of working-class movement have headed struggle in protection and his(its) friends. June, 29, 1907 the court has recognized innocent. 3. Bourgeois parties(sets) of USA " Progressive era " - so is called in the American literature the period in a history of USA since 1900 prior to the beginning of the first world war. To this time United States with their richest natural resources, highly advanced engineering, absorbing in themselves achievements of technical idea of other peoples, became the classical country of monopoly. " This circumstance became a determinative of political development of the country " 24. Among monopolistically associations by the greatest influence two groups of monopolies used: group Morgana and group Rokfellera. Financial tycoons not only " did(made) money ", they " did(made) a policy(politics) ", directing in the party(side) of action of the government necessary for them. The competition in economy was complicated a competition in a policy(politics) for monopolies aspired to have the proteges in machinery of state. Therefore already at the end of XIX century on the important posts in official bodies and in a legislature of staffs(states) and republics have appeared "people" , or . However businessmen then yet so frequently wished to borrow(occupy) even armchairs in the senate. Influence of financial tycoons on political life of the country was carried out by personal contacts and through the powerful party device in USA, through the political machine of republicans and democrats. The political machine of parties(sets) was headed by National committee, and in each staff(state) there were organizations of parties(sets). " Businessmen and bankers subsidized the party device and through him(it) dictated the will to legislative assemblies, put forward candidates in , in governors of staffs(states), in the senate and the House of Representatives of the congress of USA. Forces which supervised political life of staffs(states), gravitated to New York with his(its) credit capital, and New York supervised the senate of United States. The American senate appeared under the control of minority " 25. Describing political system of the beginning of the century, the known journalist and writer William A. Uajt wrote, that " senators of USA were obliged by the election to " proprietors ", i.e. capitalists who held in the hands the political machine " 26. That saw in the native staff(state), was observed on all country. " About it in 900th years progressive journalists and the writers exposing bribability and of senators, business in municipalities, staffs(states) and the Washington " 27 wrote. Journalists shined(covered) secret life of Washington and system of lobbyism in the congress where republican and democratic parties(sets) competed with each other on a field of corruption and political tricks. Foreign actions(shares) of USA at the end of XIX century have shown, that the government of this country has strongly taken for a way of political and economic aggression, for a way of colonialism, aspiring to win to itself a position both in Latin America, and on the Far East, and even in Europe. American for the first time have in practice shown the purposes, aspirations and force in 1898, having untied war with Spain and having won her(it). To this time Spain has already lost the former economic and political power and to consult(cope) with the Spanish fleet on the sea and the Spanish army on land to Americans appeared more easy, than then to strangle revolt deceived and fierce . But suppression of national struggle of the Philippine people, carried out(spent) under the guise the help to this people to rise " up to a level of civilized countries ", was given out already for internal business of the American government. The Parisian world signed December, 10, 1898, transferred United States the right to possession of islands of Puerto Rico, Guam and the Philippine archipelago and established their protectorate above Cuba hardly relieved of the Spanish oppression. Shortly before it (in July, 1898) the congress of USA ratified annexation of Hawaiian islands - pearls of Pacific ocean. The democratic republic has turned to colonial power. In this period both bourgeois parties(sets) of USA - parties(sets) of the large capital - have brought in bourgeois reforms of progressive character to the programs. Roots a rate of the government and bourgeois parties(sets) of USA " lay in aspiration of bourgeoisie to strengthen the political positions to strengthen capitalist build before the person of growing danger on the part of struggling proletariat, on the part of the socialist ideology winning on the party(side) the increasing groups of workers " 28. It is necessary to note that huge weight in political life of USA which have two parties of bourgeoisie - democratic and republican. Activity of these two parties(sets) was especially brightly showed in 1900 when " the working class did not show any political activity in the selective presidential company " 29. The democratic party has acted with a platform, in which requirements of a free coinage of a silver coin (i.e. refusal of just authorized gold standard), decrease(reductions) of tariffs and amplifications(strengthenings) legislations appeared. Heads of a party(set) " have included item(point) on refusal of a policy(politics) of annexations and about declaration of independence to Philippines, hoping to play on antiimperialistic moods of weights " 30. The candidate of democrats William Brajan (1860-1925) was. Success as leader of a party(set) speaks that in his(its) speeches middle classes of America, and a part and workers, found reflection of own discontent by existing orders, force and power of the large capital, growth of dearness and vital deprivations. has named petty-bourgeois current in political life of USA of the end of XIX century acting against oppression of the large capital and considering(counting) inflation by means from all troubles. In 1900 the republican party(set) stood on stronger positions, rather than democrats. As the party(set) in power, republicans have proclaimed a basis of the program the "further" prosperity of the country. They asserted(approved), that have executed the promise given by them in 1896, and that under their management of USA have reached(achieved) industrial blossoming and success on the international field, the winner from the -American war. Concrete items(points) of a platform still asserted(approved) the tariff, the gold standard and declared struggle to requirements of the free reference(manipulation) of silver. The item(point) on the trusts, condemning " all plots and the associations directed on restriction of share activity, on creation of monopolies, to restriction of manufacture or the control above the prices " 31 was included. The candidate of republicans president William Mak-Kinli was. His(its) promotion at congress by nobody was challenged. " On a boundary of century the essential difference between republicans and democrats was gradually erased, and the selective struggle serving ruling circles by means of discharge from a policy(politics) of broad masses of the population, reflected struggle of the separate monopolistically groupings, aspiring to use the device of the government for the benefit and not regretting(pitying) means for it " 32. in 1900 has sufferred final crash. William Mak-Kinli became the president. 4. Polic T. Ruzvel'ta In 1904 the president of USA became T.Ruzvel't. It(he) was convinced of the right of USA to wide military expansion, in the right of USA to achieve the first place among world powers. The way to world(global) hegemony as it(he) considered, laid through submission to domination of USA all countries of the American continent. " War is present business of the man ", - liked to speak . When has received a post of the president of USA, his(its) first idea and care was to keep this post behind itself and on the second term. For this purpose it(he) should win round and financial elite (finally promotion of candidates), both party bosses, and weight of voters which voices solved outcome of selective struggle. Leaders of bourgeois parties(sets) and heads of the government of USA, being not whom other as conductors of requirements of the financial capital, were compelled to address to bourgeois reforms to raise the question about introduction of any supervision and the control it is necessary trusts on the part of the federal government. " It there were first attempts of state regulation of economic activities of large corporations that meant occurrence of state-monopoly tendencies and development of the American imperialism " 33. When has come to power, it(he) has tried to get support of the most influential figures of a party(set) of republicans. " has tried to assure them, that it(he) a devoted member of a party(set) (" that he was a party man "), asked their support and promised to follow their advice(councils) " 34. To the congress it(he) has sent the project of the first message on viewing first of all to these "pillars" of the and to some businessmen. In this message asserted(approved) (the same as it was done(made) also by his(its) predecessor), that the country never before was not in so blossoming condition, that " never earlier the average person, working, the farmer, the fine dealer, was not so is provided, as it(he) is provided in this country now ". On words , the country " is obliged to all well-being to captains of the industry - to railway, trading, industrial magnates and bankers " 35. It(he) considered, that it is unreasonable to forbid trusts, only is necessary to observe of them and in moderate limits of them to supervise, that they developed in harmony with public institutes. Concerning tariffs has expressed as quite respectable republican. " Nothing would be more imprudent now, than infringement of business interests of the country by any general(common) change of tariff system thus not only is possible, but also desirable to unit stability of our economic system with additional system of mutual benefit and obligations in relation to other peoples reciprocity should be considered(examined) as the servant of protectionism " 36. The first action of government Ruzvel'ta in relation to trusts was excitation of an affair against the company " ". It was the huge corporation with the initial capital in 400 million dollars. Law on restriction of activity of large trusts already operated. Investigation on this company last the whole year. April, 9, 1903 - the court has made a decision for the benefit of the government, having accused the company that she(it) has destroyed conditions of a competition between two roads. In result the company was divided(shared) into two enterprises. But division was only formal for both companies remained in the same hands. consist in close contact to conservative republicans and representatives of large business. personally addressed to with the request to support the bill of creation of the Ministry of Trade and work, and willingly promised the president to use the influence in business circles for the benefit of the bill.